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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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1992-09-03
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Painting and sculpture of France. A number of
influential styles have emerged in France
over the centuries, from Gothic in the Middle
Ages to Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism,
and others. 11th-14th century The main forms
of artistic expression were manuscript
painting, architecture, and sculpture. France
played the leading role in creating the
Gothic style. 15th century The miniatures of
Jean Fouquet and the Tres riches heures (a
prayer book) of the Limbourg brothers,
manuscript illuminators, show remarkable
naturalism. 16th century Artists were
influenced by the Italians, but the miniature
tradition was kept up by the court painters
such as Jean Clouet.
17th century Landscape painting became
increasingly popular. Two exceptional artists
in the genre were Poussin and Claude Lorrain.
18th century French painting and sculpture
became dominant throughout Europe. Popular
Rococo painters were Watteau, Fragonard, and
Boucher. The still lifes of Chardin show
Dutch influence. The Neo-Classical French
school was founded by David. early 19th
century Ingres was the most widely admired
painter. Delacroix was the leader of the
Romantic movement. Gericault excelled as a
history and animal painter. mid-19th century
Courbet and Manet were the great rebels in
art, breaking with age-old conventions. The
Barbizon school of landscape painting was
followed by the Impressionists: Monet,
Renoir, Degas, and others.
late 19th century) The Pointillist Seurat
took the Impressionists' ideas further. The
individual styles of Cezanne and Gauguin
helped prepare the way for Modernism. Rodin's
powerful, realistic sculptures had great
influence. 1900s Fauvism, showing the
influence of Gauguin with his emphasis on
pure colour, was introduced by Matisse and
others. Cubism, deriving from Cezanne, was
begun by Picasso and Braque. 1920s Paris was
a centre of the Surrealist movement. 1930s
Abstraction-creation movement started in
Paris to develop a form of abstract art
constructed from non-figurative, usually
geometrical elements.
1945-1990 After World War II the centre of
the art world shifted from France to the USA.